---
title: 1816 Record of Native American Trading in Alexandria
description: 1816 receipt for a for fabric trade sent to the Superintendent of Indian Trade, Thomas McKenney involving prominent Alexandrians including A.C. Caszanove.
image: https://ourhistorymuseum.org/hubfs/IndianTrade-back-zoom-1.png
---
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# 1816 Record of Native American Trading in Alexandria
Posted by [Ken Lopez](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/author/ken-lopez) on Dec 30, 2020 7:00:00 AM
Here's an interesting July 30, 1816 document recording trade between Alexandrians and Native Americans. It appears to be for fabric, but I am unsure what direction the trade went. Note the references to stripes, checks, and gingham patterns.
One might reasonably guess that Native Americans sold the fabric for cash, but that is not entirely clear from the document itself. A quick investigation of the participants in this transaction makes it only that much more confusing.
They include William Whann, presumably the former cashier to James Madison and then cashier for the Bank of Columbia, Thomas McKenney, Superintendent of Indian Trade, and A.C. Cazenove, a successful Alexandria business person. If I were guessing, and it's only a guess, I think what we see is a bill being sent to the Superintendent of Indian Trade for a purchase of goods by A.C. Cazenove and payment being made by the United States for those goods as part of an effort to encourage trade with the Native Americans. What do you think?
Bios for each are below:
[A.C. Cazevove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Charles_Cazenove): "In 1799 Cazenove moved to Alexandria, Virginia. The following year he was hired as an agent by the E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and purchased several warehouses in the area on its behalf. He later founded A.C. Cazenove & Company and served as director of the Bank of Alexandria. By 1822, Cazenove had established himself as a successful wine and tobacco merchant in the city."
[Thomas McKenney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_L._McKenney): "McKenny was born on March 21, 1785, in Hopewell, Maryland. He was the oldest of five boys, and was raised and received his education at Chestertown, Maryland. McKenney was a Quaker, which influenced his approach to interactions with Native Americans.
After the abolition of the U.S. Indian Trade program in 1822, then Secretary of War John C. Calhoun created a position without legislation within the War Department entitled Superintendent of Indian Affairs (this later became part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs). McKenney was appointed to this position, and held it from 1824-1830. McKenney was an advocate of the American Indian “civilization” program, becoming an avid promoter of Indian removal west of the Mississippi River. President Andrew Jackson dismissed McKenney from his position in 1830 when Jackson disagreed with his opinion that “the Indian was, in his intellectual and moral structure, our equal.”
He wrote the two volume work, History of the Indian Tribes of North America, With Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs.
McKenney died in New York City in February 1859."
[William Whann](https://www.google.com/search?q=William+Whann+cashier+of+the+Bank+of+Columbia&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS504US504&oq=William+Whann+cashier+of+the+Bank+of+Columbia&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i64l2.7486j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8): Cashier of the Bank of Columbia; former cashier to James Madison
[Office of Indian Trade (1806–1822):](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs#Office_of_Indian_Trade_(1806%E2%80%931822)) "In 1789, the U.S. Congress placed Native American relations within the newly formed War Department. By 1806 the Congress had created a Superintendent of Indian Trade, or "Office of Indian Trade" within the War Department, who was charged with maintaining the factory trading network of the fur trade. The post was held by Thomas L. McKenney from 1816 until the abolition of the factory system in 1822.
The government licensed traders to have some control in Indian territories and gain a share of the lucrative trade.
I invite someone with more expertise in Native American history to comment further on the document.
Topics: [Alexandria, VA](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/alexandria-va), [Native Americans](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/native-americans), [Antoine Charles Cazenove](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/antoine-charles-cazenove), [Thomas McKenney](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/thomas-mckenney), [Bank of Columbia](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/bank-of-columbia), [William Whann](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-whann), [Sales Receipt](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/sales-receipt), [Georgetown, D.C.](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/georgetown-d-c), [Bank of Alexandria](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/bank-of-alexandria), [People](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/people), [Places](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/places), [Things](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/things)
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- [Jno. W. Emmert (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/jno-w-emmert)
- [John A. O'Neill (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/john-a-oneill)
- [John Adams (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/john-adams)
- [John Carlyle (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/john-carlyle)
- [John D. Rockefeller (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/john-d-rockefeller)
- [John M. Lovejoy (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/john-m-lovejoy)
- [John P. Agnew (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/john-p-agnew)
- [John Vowell (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/john-vowell)
- [John Wellford (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/john-wellford)
- [Joseph Campbell (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/joseph-campbell)
- [Joseph Renyolds (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/joseph-renyolds)
- [Joshua Gilpin (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/joshua-gilpin)
- [Josiah Watson (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/josiah-watson)
- [Juneteenth (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/juneteenth)
- [Kingman (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/kingman)
- [Kinsale, VA (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/kinsale-va)
- [L.M. Coe (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/l-m-coe)
- [Laura Spelman Rockefeller (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/laura-spelman-rockefeller)
- [Lawrence Washington (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/lawrence-washington)
- [Leet Brothers (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/leet-brothers)
- [Leonardtown, MD (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/leonardtown-md)
- [Libby Prison (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/libby-prison)
- [Liverpool (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/liverpool)
- [Lloyd House (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/lloyd-house)
- [London Coffee House (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/london-coffee-house)
- [Lord Fairfax (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/lord-fairfax)
- [Lucy Alexander (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/lucy-alexander)
- [Lynnfield, MA (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/lynnfield-ma)
- [Manifest (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/manifest)
- [Map (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/map)
- [Martha Washington (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/martha-washington)
- [Mary Gregg Melvin (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/mary-gregg-melvin)
- [Mary Lemon (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/mary-lemon)
- [Mason Locke Weems (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/mason-locke-weems)
- [Melvina Mishler (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/melvina-mishler)
- [Mercy Street (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/mercy-street)
- [Mississippi (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/mississippi)
- [Monitor & Merrimac (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/monitor-merrimac)
- [Monticello (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/monticello)
- [Mrs. Wilson (First Lady) (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/mrs-wilson-first-lady)
- [Murray-Dick-Fawcett House (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/murray-dick-fawcett-house)
- [Nanjemoy, MD (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/nanjemoy-md)
- [Natural Bridge (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/natural-bridge)
- [Norfolk & Southern Railroad (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/norfolk-southern-railroad)
- [Old Club Restaurant (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/old-club-restaurant)
- [Old Dominion Boat Club (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/old-dominion-boat-club)
- [Old Dominion Cigar Co. (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/old-dominion-cigar-co)
- [Old Point Comfort, VA (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/old-point-comfort-va)
- [Orange & Alexandria Roundhouse (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/orange-alexandria-roundhouse)
- [Oronoco Street (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/oronoco-street)
- [OurHistoryMuseum (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/ourhistorymuseum)
- [Patrick Street (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/patrick-street)
- [Patuxent River (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/patuxent-river)
- [Payne St. (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/payne-st)
- [Peabody School (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/peabody-school)
- [Peter Frazer (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/peter-frazer)
- [Peter Wagener (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/peter-wagener)
- [Piankatank River (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/piankatank-river)
- [Pocahontas (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/pocahontas)
- [Pohick Church (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/pohick-church)
- [Popes Creek (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/popes-creek)
- [Port Republic, NJ (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/port-republic-nj)
- [Port Tobacco, MD (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/port-tobacco-md)
- [Poulson's American Daily Advertiser (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/poulsons-american-daily-advertiser)
- [Princess Street (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/princess-street)
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- [Rhode Island (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/rhode-island)
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- [Robert Coe (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/robert-coe)
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- [Samuel B. Carter (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/samuel-b-carter)
- [School (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/school)
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- [Ship Pioneer (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/ship-pioneer)
- [Shoemaker (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/shoemaker)
- [South Front Street (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/south-front-street)
- [St. John's Church (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/st-johns-church)
- [St. Mary's, MD (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/st-marys-md)
- [St. Paul's Church (Norfolk) (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/st-pauls-church-norfolk)
- [Stacy Snowden (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/stacy-snowden)
- [Steamer Defiance (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/steamer-defiance)
- [Steiner & Yohe (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/steiner-yohe)
- [Stoughton, MA (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/stoughton-ma)
- [Stratford (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/stratford)
- [Susie Pollard (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/susie-pollard)
- [The Anchorage (Alexandria) (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/the-anchorage-alexandria)
- [The River Queen (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/the-river-queen)
- [The Strand (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/the-strand)
- [Thomas Ludwell Lee, Jr. (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/thomas-ludwell-lee-jr)
- [Thomas McKenney (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/thomas-mckenney)
- [Thomas Perry (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/thomas-perry)
- [Tobacco (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/tobacco)
- [U.S. Capitol (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/u-s-capitol)
- [US General Court Martial (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/us-general-court-martial)
- [USS Chesapeake (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/uss-chesapeake)
- [Vincent B. Brewer (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/vincent-b-brewer)
- [Virginia Melvin (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/virginia-melvin)
- [Virginia Shipbuilding Corporation (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/virginia-shipbuilding-corporation)
- [W. Clifton Cunningham (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/w-clifton-cunningham)
- [War Rationing (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/war-rationing)
- [War of 1812 (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/war-of-1812)
- [Warner Brothers (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/warner-brothers)
- [Warwick, MA (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/warwick-ma)
- [Washington Brewery Co. (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/washington-brewery-co)
- [Washington School for boys (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/washington-school-for-boys)
- [Water Street (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/water-street)
- [Wellington (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/wellington)
- [Westminster Building (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/westminster-building)
- [Weyers Cave (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/weyers-cave)
- [Wilkes Street (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/wilkes-street)
- [William B. Melvin (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-b-melvin)
- [William F. Roat (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-f-roat)
- [William Fitzhugh (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-fitzhugh)
- [William Ford (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-ford)
- [William Joseph Williams (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-joseph-williams)
- [William Ramsay (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-ramsay)
- [William S. Coates (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-s-coates)
- [William Snowden (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-snowden)
- [William Stabler (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-stabler)
- [William Thornton Alexander (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-thornton-alexander)
- [William Whann (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-whann)
- [William Wright (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/william-wright)
- [Wolfe Street Hospital (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/wolfe-street-hospital)
- [Woodrow Wilson (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/woodrow-wilson)
- [World War I (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/world-war-i)
- [World War II (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/world-war-ii)
- [Worth Hulfish (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/worth-hulfish)
- [Yeocomico River (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/yeocomico-river)
- [York, PA (1)](https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/tag/york-pa)
See all
[](https://http:www.OurHistoryMuseum.org)
**About OurHistoryMuseum**
Our mission is to save history — its preservation via digitization. We hope to capture images of old postcards, transcribe old letters, and make all photographs available for browsing. Our entire museum is virtual. Our app will be available for download sometime soon. We are producing a prototype, and our first test market will be Alexandria Virginia, our hometown. But this is just a start.
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